Rising dramatically from the rolling plains of northeastern Wyoming, Devils Tower (also called Bear Lodge by Native American tribes) is a striking geological wonder and a sacred cultural site. Designated as the first U.S. National Monument in 1906 by President Theodore Roosevelt, this iconic formation attracts climbers, geologists, and spiritual seekers alike.
Geological Mystery: How Was Devils Tower Formed?
Devils Tower is a volcanic neck or igneous intrusion, composed of phonolite porphyry. Scientists believe it formed about 50 million years ago when magma cooled underground and was later exposed by erosion. Its unique hexagonal columns (some as tall as 600 feet) were created by contraction cracks as the molten rock cooled.
Two Leading Theories:
- Laccolith Theory – A shallow magma bulge that never erupted.
- Volcanic Plug Theory – The remnant of an ancient volcano’s conduit.
Despite extensive research, its exact formation remains debated.
Sacred Native American Significance
For over 20 Native American tribes, including the Lakota, Cheyenne, and Kiowa, Devils Tower (known as Mato Tipila, or “Bear Lodge”) is a sacred site.
Key Legends:
- Lakota Legend: Seven sisters were chased by a giant bear; the Great Spirit raised the rock to save them, leaving claw marks (the tower’s columns).
- Cheyenne Legend: A warrior prayed for salvation here, and the rock grew to protect him from a bear.
Many tribes still hold ceremonies at the tower, and visitors are asked to respect prayer offerings like tied cloth bundles.
Climbing Devils Tower
A bucket-list challenge for rock climbers, Devils Tower was first summited in 1893 using a wooden ladder. Today, over 5,000 climbers attempt it annually.
Climbing Facts:
- Difficulty: Mostly traditional (trad) climbing (5.7–5.13 grades).
- Most Popular Route: The Durrance Route (5.7).
- June Voluntary Climbing Closure: Many climbers avoid June out of respect for Native American ceremonies.
Visiting Devils Tower National Monument
Best Things to Do:
✅ Hike the Tower Trail (1.3-mile loop) for up-close views.
✅ Watch for Wildlife (deer, prairie dogs, bald eagles).
✅ Stargaze – It’s a great dark-sky location!
✅ Join a Ranger Program to learn about geology & history.
Visitor Tips:
- Best Time to Visit: Spring & fall (fewer crowds, mild weather).
- Entry Fee: $25 per vehicle (or free with America the Beautiful Pass).
- Nearby Attractions:
- Black Hills National Forest (SD)
- Mount Rushmore (1.5-hour drive)
Conclusion
Devils Tower is more than just a rock—it’s a geological marvel, a climber’s paradise, and a spiritual sanctuary. Whether you’re hiking around its base, learning its legends, or simply marveling at its grandeur, this national monument is a must-see destination in the American West.
Have you visited Devils Tower? Share your experience in the comments! 🏜
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